While AI innovation would presumably continue in some form without Big Tech, the authors find that breaking up the largest technology companies could fundamentally change the broader AI innovation ecosystem, likely affecting the development of AI applications for national security.

Ngor Luong was a Senior Research Analyst at the Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET).

Zachary Arnold was the Project Lead for CSET’s Emerging Technology Observatory.

Helen Toner is the Interim Executive Director at Georgetown’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET).