One year after CSET first published an analysis of China’s progress in the global semiconductor manufacturing equipment market, we provide a new analysis based on updated 2025 data. We find that Chinese toolmakers continue to steadily gain market share in fabrication tools, particularly in ion implanters, deposition, and etch and clean tools. Lithography remains one of China’s weakest fabrication segments. At the same time, China lost some market share in all major assembly, test, and packaging tool categories.

CSET’s Kathleen Curlee and Sam Bresnick shared their expert analysis in an op-ed published by Nikkei Asia. The article argues that China’s progress in reusable rocket technology could lower the cost of deploying massive satellite constellations, strengthening its ability to compete with U.S. companies in the global satellite communications market.

CSET’s Sam Bresnick spoke with Sky News about China’s growing investment in humanoid robots and what it could mean for the future of warfare. The conversation explored China’s manufacturing advantage, its use of robotics to signal military strength, and whether humanoid robots could appear on the battlefield within the next five to ten years.

Sophie Mayo, Emelia Probasco, and Lauren Kahn shared their expert analysis in an op-ed published by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute’s The Strategist. In their piece, they examine how NATO’s Indo-Pacific Four (IP4) partners, Australia, Japan, South Korea, and New Zealand, can learn from the NATO’s rapid adoption of AI-enabled decision-support systems for military decision-making and coalition operations.

CSET’s Emelia Probasco shared her expert insight in an op-ed published by Foreign Affairs. In her piece, she examines how the U.S. military’s growing use of AI could affect military decision-making and human judgment, particularly as the Pentagon works to integrate increasingly capable AI systems into operations and training.

CSET’s Helen Toner shared her expert insight in an interview with The New York Times. The conversation examines recent incidents involving AI systems hacking, deceiving humans, and coordinating with other AI agents, as well as concerns about the ability of companies to safely monitor and control increasingly capable AI models.

CSET’s Sam Bresnick shared his expert insight in an article published by Reuters. The article examines how President Trump’s crypto-backed World Liberty Financial is collaborating with WorldClaw, an AI platform offering models from Chinese companies that the U.S. government has flagged for national security and intellectual property concerns

CSET’s Helen Toner shared her expert insight in an article published by The Washington Post. The article looks at recent incidents in which AI models from OpenAI, Anthropic, and Meta broke out of controlled testing environments and attempted to hack real systems, raising concerns about whether AI companies can safely control increasingly capable models.

CSET’s Sam Bresnick shared his expert insight in an op-ed published by Barron’s. In his piece, he examines how the Trump administration’s AI strategy could affect U.S. competitiveness with China, particularly as the administration seeks to promote AI and semiconductor exports while addressing national security concerns.

CSET’s Helen Toner shared her expert insight in an article published by TIME. The article examines the race to automate AI research and the possibility that AI systems could increasingly accelerate their own development, raising concerns about how quickly AI progress may advance and whether researchers and policymakers can keep pace.