Large-scale AI chip smuggling undermines U.S. export controls that are designed to prevent adversaries from developing advanced AI capabilities. Location verification—which would help regulators determine where AI chips are located—has emerged as a key proposal to strengthen export control enforcement efforts. This report assesses the viability of location verification methods, their cost-effectiveness, requirements for implementation, and their value as an enforcement tool.

Immigrants make up nearly half of U.S. recipients of the world's most prestigious STEM awards, yet little is known about how this talent first arrives in the country. This data brief analyzes 550 recipients of the Nobel Prize, the Lasker Award, the ACM A.M. Turing Award, and MIT Technology Review's Innovators Under 35 between 2014 and 2024. Most foreign-born U.S. awardees first arrived as students, postdoctoral researchers, or visiting scholars—pathways now exposed to visa suspensions, entry restrictions, and proposed changes to optional practical training. Safeguarding these pathways is critical to maintaining U.S. leadership in STEM and emerging technologies.

Winning the AI race does not guarantee any economic, social, or military benefit. Without a theory of victory mapping AI development and deployment to competitive advantage, and ultimately to beneficial outcomes like profit or military victory, AI might provide more impressive capability than tangible benefit. This report evaluates various types of advantages that winning the AI race might provide and describes six theories of victory for converting those advantages into worthwhile outcomes.

Despite decades of reform efforts, the federal government’s Authorization to Operate (ATO) process is a major barrier to delivering secure systems to warfighters at speed. This report examines why past ATO reforms have fallen short of their intent, and offers recommendations to getting leading American technology into the hands of warfighters faster and securely.

As artificial intelligence introduces new risks, some potentially catastrophic or even existential, there is little data or detailed theory to assess them. Policymakers often resort to expert best guesses for the probability of doom but probability is not always the most appropriate tool, especially for the types of uncertainties in AI risk. This report details a brief introduction to Belief and Plausibility, which provides an alternative approach that is mathematically rigorous, uses familiar vocabulary, and only requires policymakers to ask two simple questions.

In a new Security Studies article, Renee DiResta and Josh A. Goldstein lay out how state-backed propagandists run “full-spectrum” propaganda campaigns, relying on overt and covert tools across broadcast and social media.

Organizations face growing pressure to adopt artificial intelligence, but often lack practical guidance on how to do so effectively. This report bridges the gap between high-level principles and real-world implementation, offering actionable steps across the AI adoption life cycle. Drawing on over 1,200 resources, this reference guide provides practitioners with the knowledge required to operationalize AI safety, security, and governance practices within their organizations.

Leading artificial intelligence companies have started to use their own systems to accelerate research and development, with each generation of AI systems contributing to building the next generation. This report distills points of consensus and disagreement from our July 2025 expert workshop on how far the automation of AI R&D could go, laying bare crucial underlying assumptions and identifying what new evidence could shed light on the trajectory going forward.

This report analyzes over 250 scientific publications that use open language models in ways that require access to model weights and derives a taxonomy of use cases that open weights enable. The authors identified a diverse range of seven open-weight use cases that allow researchers to investigate a wider scope of questions, explore more avenues of experimentation, and implement a larger set of techniques.

Organizations looking to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) systems face the challenge of deciphering a myriad of voluntary standards and best practices—requiring time, resources, and expertise that many cannot afford. To address this problem, this report distills over 7,000 recommended practices from 52 reports into a single harmonized framework. Integrating new AI guidance with existing safety and security practices, this work provides a road map for organizations navigating the complex landscape of AI guidance.