Publications

CSET produces evidence-driven analysis in a variety of forms, from informative graphics and translations to expert testimony and published reports. Our key areas of inquiry are the foundations of artificial intelligence — such as talent, data and computational power — as well as how AI can be used in cybersecurity and other national security settings. We also do research on the policy tools that can be used to shape AI’s development and use, and on biotechnology.

Analysis

Chinese Critiques of Large Language Models

William Hannas, Huey-Meei Chang, Maximilian Riesenhuber, and Daniel Chou
| January 2025

Large generative models are widely viewed as the most promising path to general (human-level) artificial intelligence and attract investment in the billions of dollars. The present enthusiasm notwithstanding, a chorus of ranking Chinese scientists regard this singular approach to AGI as ill-advised. This report documents these critiques in China’s research, public statements, and government planning, while pointing to additional, pragmatic reasons for China’s pursuit of a diversified research portfolio.

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Analysis

Government AI Hire, Use, Buy (HUB) Roundtable Series – Roundtable 4: Capstone

Danny Hague, Natalie Roisman, Matthias Oschinski, and Carolina Pachon
| March 2025

Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology and Beeck Center for Social Impact and Innovation, together with the Georgetown Law Institute for Technology Law and Policy (Tech Institute), led a series of invite-only roundtables over the course of 2024 to grapple with the legal liability questions that artificial intelligence poses, examine AI’s potential to transform government services, and consider how the government can better attract and use AI talent. This resulting report was authored in 2024 after those discussions and is the fourth and final installment of a four-part series.

Analysis

Government AI Hire, Use, Buy (HUB) Roundtable Series – Roundtable 3: Government as a Buyer of AI

Carolina Oxenstierna, Aaron Snow, and Danny Hague
| March 2025

Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology and Beeck Center for Social Impact and Innovation, together with the Georgetown Law Institute for Technology Law and Policy (Tech Institute), led a series of invite-only roundtables over the course of 2024 to grapple with the legal liability questions that artificial intelligence poses, examine AI’s potential to transform government services, and consider how the government can better attract and use AI talent. This resulting report was authored in 2024 after those discussions and is the third installment of a four-part series.

Analysis

Government AI Hire, Use, Buy (HUB) Roundtable Series – Roundtable 2: Government as an Employer of AI Talent

Danny Hague, Carolina Oxenstierna, and Matthias Oschinski
| March 2025

Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology and Beeck Center for Social Impact and Innovation, together with the Georgetown Law Institute for Technology Law and Policy (Tech Institute), led a series of invite-only roundtables over the course of 2024 to grapple with the legal liability questions that artificial intelligence poses, examine AI’s potential to transform government services, and consider how the government can better attract and use AI talent. This resulting report was authored in 2024 after those discussions and is the second installment of a four-part series.

Analysis

Government AI Hire, Use, Buy (HUB) Roundtable Series – Roundtable 1: Government as a User of AI

Carolina Oxenstierna, Alice Cao, and Danny Hague
| March 2025

Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology and Beeck Center for Social Impact and Innovation, together with the Georgetown Law Institute for Technology Law and Policy (Tech Institute), led a series of invite-only roundtables over the course of 2024 to grapple with the legal liability questions that artificial intelligence poses, examine AI’s potential to transform government services, and consider how the government can better attract and use AI talent. This resulting report was authored in 2024 after those discussions and is the first installment of a four-part series.

Formal Response

CSET’s Recommendations for an AI Action Plan

March 14, 2025

In response to the Office of Science and Technology Policy's request for input on an AI Action Plan, CSET provides key recommendations for advancing AI research, ensuring U.S. competitiveness, and maximizing benefits while mitigating risks. Our response highlights policies to strengthen the AI workforce, secure technology from illicit transfers, and foster an open and competitive AI ecosystem.

Analysis

Shaping the U.S. Space Launch Market

Michael O’Connor and Kathleen Curlee
| February 2025

The United States leads the world in space launch by nearly every measure: number of launches, total mass to orbit, satellite count, and more. SpaceX’s emergence has provided regular, reliable, and relatively affordable launches to commercial and national security customers. However, today’s market consolidation coupled with the capital requirements necessary to develop rockets may make it difficult for new competitors to break in and keep the space launch market dynamic.

Analysis

Staying Current with Emerging Technology Trends: Using Big Data to Inform Planning

Emelia Probasco and Christian Schoeberl
| December 2024

This report proposes an approach to systematically identify promising research using big data and analyze that research’s potential impact through structured engagements with subject-matter experts. The methodology offers a structured way to proactively monitor the research landscape and inform strategic R&D priorities.

Analysis

AI Safety and Automation Bias

Lauren Kahn, Emelia Probasco, and Ronnie Kinoshita
| November 2024

Automation bias is a critical issue for artificial intelligence deployment. It can cause otherwise knowledgeable users to make crucial and even obvious errors. Organizational, technical, and educational leaders can mitigate these biases through training, design, and processes. This paper explores automation bias and ways to mitigate it through three case studies: Tesla’s autopilot incidents, aviation incidents at Boeing and Airbus, and Army and Navy air defense incidents.

Sam Bresnick testified before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology, and the Law regarding tech companies' ties to China and their implications in a future conflict scenario.

Analysis

Building the Tech Coalition

Emelia Probasco
| August 2024

The U.S. Army’s 18th Airborne Corps can now target artillery just as efficiently as the best unit in recent American history—and it can do so with two thousand fewer servicemembers. This report presents a case study of how the 18th Airborne partnered with tech companies to develop, prototype, and operationalize software and artificial intelligence for clear military advantage. The lessons learned form recommendations to the U.S. Department of Defense as it pushes to further develop and adopt AI and other new technologies.