In this two-part analysis, we use data from the Emerging Technology Observatory's AGORA to explore AI-related legislation that was enacted by Congress between January 2020 and March 2025. This first blog explores the origin and application domains of the AI-related legislation we reviewed. The second blog examines the governance strategies, risk-related concepts, and harms covered by this legislation.

Frontier AI capabilities show no sign of slowing down so that governance can catch up, yet national security challenges need addressing in the near term. This blog post outlines a governance approach that complements existing commitments by AI companies. This post argues the government should take targeted actions toward AI preparedness: sharing national security expertise, promoting transparency into frontier AI development, and facilitating the development of best practices.

CSET's Jacob Feldgoise and Hanna Dohmen outline China's market share gains in semiconductor manufacturing equipment, based on data from CSET ETO's updated Supply Chain Explorer.

Federal prize competitions can help the U.S. government build a research and development ecosystem that incentivizes AI and cyber innovation and delivers for the American people. Over the last five years, prize competitions for AI and cyber innovation increased nearly 60%. When leveraged effectively, federal prize competitions offer unique benefits and can advance knowledge within a particular field or solicit solutions for specific government problems.

Effectively evaluating AI models is more crucial than ever. But how do AI evaluations actually work? Our explainer lays out the different fundamental types of AI safety evaluations alongside their respective strengths and limitations.

Opposing narratives around AI for biotechnology raise the question: how are biotech researchers actually using AI in published research? CSET’s Steph Batalis, Catherine Aiken, and James Dunham explored this question by leveraging CSET’s merged academic corpus, enriched publication metadata, and research clusters.

Despite recent upheaval in the AI policy landscape, AI evaluations—including AI red-teaming—will remain fundamental to understanding and governing the usage of AI systems and their impact on society. This blog post draws from a December 2024 CSET workshop on AI testing to outline challenges associated with improving red-teaming and suggest recommendations on how to address those challenges.

What are the major questions that will define the AI policy landscape in 2025? Andrew Imbrie explores the five issues he's tracking.

The Emerging Technology Observatory’s AGORA (AI GOvernance and Regulatory Archive) is a living collection of AI-relevant laws, regulations, standards, and other governance documents from the United States and around the world. Updated regularly, AGORA includes summaries, document text, thematic tags, and filters to help users quickly discover and analyze key developments in AI governance.

Donald Trump's first term as president coincided with the beginning of three important trends that continue to shape the AI world: the rise of transformer-based models, surging AI investment, and a more hawkish foreign policy approach to China. But important questions remain about what Trump's second term will mean for AI. In this excerpt from policy.ai — CSET's newsletter on artificial intelligence, emerging technology, and security policy — Alex Friedland explores what Donald Trump's presidency will mean for AI policy, semiconductors, and private AI investment.